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treatments
and equivalent to cognitive behavioral and exposure therapies (see
effectiveness sections below). Although some clinicians may use EMDR
for various problems, its research support is primarily for
disorders stemming from distressing life experiences.
The theoretical model underlying EMDR
treatment hypothesizes that EMDR works by processing distressing
memories.
EMDR is based on a theoretical information processing model which
posits that symptoms arise when events are inadequately processed,
and can be eradicated when the memory is fully processed. It is an
integrative therapy, synthesizing elements of many traditional
psychological orientations, such as psychodynamic, cognitive
behavioral, experiential, physiological, and interpersonal
therapies.
EMDR's most controversial aspect is an
unusual component of dual attention stimulation, such as eye
movements, bilateral sound, or bilateral tactile stimulation. The
contention is the effective elements of
cognitive behavioral therapy, desensitization and reprocessing,
have been rebranded with eye movements as a novel therapy. As such
some individuals have criticized EMDR and consider the use of eye
movements to be completely unnecessary. However, more recent studies
have found that the eye movement in EMDR correlate with decreases in
heart rate, skin conductance, and an increased finger temperature.
This is consistent with earlier research on physiological changes
associated with EMDR. Also recent studies that
have removed eye movement from the method have found the procedure
less effective
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What is EMDR
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
is an approach developed by Francine Shapiro to resolve symptoms resulting from exposure to a traumatic or
distressing event, such as rape. Clinical trials have
demonstrated EMDR's efficacy in the treatment of
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has shown to be
more effective than some alternative